Jeyrakh-Assin Reserve
Jeyrakh-Assin Reserve

The Jeyrakh-Assin historical, architectural and natural museum-reserve is located within the boundaries of the Jeyrakh district of the Republic of Ingushetia on the northern slopes of the foothills of the Central part of the Greater Caucasus Range. The reserve was established on June 2, 1988. The area of the reserve is slightly more than 627 square kilometers. The activity of the reserve is aimed at ensuring the preservation, restoration and study of territorial complexes of cultural and natural heritage, material and spiritual values in their traditional historical (cultural and natural) environment. On the territory of the museum-reserve there are 122 ancient architectural complexes, including more than 2,670 objects of cultural significance, including defensive and residential towers, burial crypts, Christian and pagan sanctuaries and temples. The oldest buildings of the megalithic type belong to the middle of the second millennium BC. Every year, significant scientific discoveries are made on the territory of the reserve, new objects are identified, archaeological expeditions are constantly working, scientists from all over the world come. Since 1996, the reserve has been a candidate for inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Significant value in the reserve is given to work on creating conditions for the development of organized tourism, its educational and service component.

On the left bank of Assa, opposite the Targim complex, there is a dilapidated large pagan temple of Albi-Yerda. According to radiocarbon research, the monument was built between 668 and 974, making it one of the oldest temples in the North Caucasus. The temple has the structure of a three-church basilica common in Georgian Christian architecture. An oblong quadrangular room (14x8 m) surrounds the gallery with side aisles on three sides.

Albi-Yerdy was first examined by V. F. Miller, his brief description and plan are preserved. “It is a small rectangle structure with a length not exceeding 13 steps and a width of 8 steps. The roof collapsed long ago and covered the inside of the building. On the east side inside there are traces of the altar absid and a window with a semicircular vault, in the south wall there are 2 windows and between them a low and wide door; on the west side there is a window high, the north wall is deaf.

Albi-Yerdy was examined by L. P. Semenov and I. P. Shcheblykin, V. I. Markovin, M. B. Musukhoev. In 1990, M. B. Muzhukhoev during excavations it was discovered that Albi-Yerdy, like Thab-Yerdy, had aisles from the south and north. The southern aisle had its own altar, with the floor level raised by one step and the bench for sitting on both sides. The chapel was connected to the central part of the opening and had a separate entrance from the west. The northern chapel also had its own altar and was connected by an opening to the central volume. There was no separate entrance.

The walls are composed of regular rows of tiles, reddish color. The roof collapsed throughout, part of the vault above the altar was preserved. From the inside, all the walls are covered with a thick, even layer of white plaster; under the last layer, in places, two more layers of older plaster of yellow and reddish colors can be observed. From the west to the building adjoined an open courtyard, also folded on a mortar and a simultaneous temple. The cladding is best preserved on the altar wall, from the outside it can be seen only in certain areas of masonry.

The walls of the building are now of varying degrees of preservation, of which the highest height from the level of the ancient floor reach transverse. The temple obviously had a gable roof. This is indicated by the remains of the cornice, traced along the longitudinal southern wall and located at a height of 3.20 m from the base. The material of the roof coating, most likely, were flattened stone slabs, which were discovered by M. B. Muzhukhoev in large numbers when clearing the blockage in the room. The fully preserved light opening in the altar (height 1.05 m) has a semicircular arched completion formed by a solid slab of well-treated gray sandstone.

The entrance to the temple is from the south side, shifted to the western wall. It has an arc-shaped top inside, laid out in the technique of a false vault of nine hewn sandstone slabs. Outside, the entrance is blocked horizontally by one large stone, which is embedded in the wall in such a way that covers the upper rounded part of the doorway. The width of the entrance is 1.03 m, the internal height is 2.10 m.

It is located within the boundaries of the Jeirakh-Assinsky Museum-Reserve. Subject to state protection.

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