Jeyrakh-Assin Reserve

The Vovnushki Tower Complex is the most famous in Ingushetia and Russia.

Translated from Ingush Vonushki means “place of battle towers”. They vividly illustrate the concept of “firm”: huge stone structures, firmly standing on a rocky base. The approaches to the towers and residential extensions were blocked by powerful fortress walls, which were initially perceived as a natural part of the mountain.

Vonushki is a recognized masterpiece of medieval tower architecture, and a subject of special pride of the Ingush. Now it is difficult to imagine how much effort the builders of Vonushki had to make to create a four-storey complex in such a difficult place for construction, which was also chosen not by chance - this is the junction point of mountain gorges. In ancient times, one of the sections of the legendary Silk Road passed here.

Tower settlement Egikal of mountain Ingushetia.

One of the largest, most visited, as well as one of the most recognizable and popular tower complexes of mountain Ingushetia.

Located on the southern slope of Mount C1ei Loam, 2 km from the Assa River.

Egikal has more than a hundred different types of buildings: combat, semi-combat, residential towers, sanctuaries, sielings, mausoleums, crypts - round, tower-like, ground and underground.

The history of the complex goes deep into the centuries.

It is under state protection.

Tower complex "Furtoug", mountain Ingushetia (the tower where the great Russian chemist D. I. Mendeleev stayed).

At the end of the twentieth century in the mountains of Ingushetia visited a geological expedition led by D. I. Mendeleev - the great Russian chemist, author of fundamental research in chemistry, physics, chemical technology of oil and explosives.

The scientist was amazed by the beauty of the Caucasus and noted that the North Caucasus is not inferior to the mountainous Altai and Urals in terms of the richness of natural resources.

International Mountain Day is celebrated annually on January 11. The holiday was established by a UN General Assembly resolution in 2003.

The purpose of this day is not to congratulate all those involved, but to preserve the natural wealth of the world, support the indigenous people of mountainous areas, raise awareness of the problems and importance of mountain ranges.

According to the United Nations, about 15 percent of humanity lives in the mountains. About 50% of all biodiversity is there. About half of humanity depends on the various resources that mountains provide. The more dangerous are climate change, land degradation and any other negative changes in these areas.

The mountains of Ingushetia are pristine and special beauty. No matter where we are, there are amazing mountains. The mountain peaks are associated with the most beautiful Ingush traditions, and on their slopes there are ancient towers and religious monuments.

The highest mountain peak in Ingushetia is Mount Shoan. Its name comes from the Ingush word "sha" - glacier, as well as Tsei Loam and Tsoreilam.

A special place and reverence in the republic is occupied by legends, Table Mountain, about 3000 m above sea level, which, in addition to the famous monuments located on the top, contains a lot of secrets and mysteries on its slopes.

Tower architecture of Ingushetia in the works of researchers and scientists.

In the middle of the XVIII century, the Georgian historian Vakhushti Bagrationi, visiting hard-to-reach mountainous areas, noted that the Ingush “know how to build from stone on lime and build houses, towers and fortifications from them.”

In the XVIII-early-XIX centuries. there are works of a research nature. Ethnographic studies that appeared during this period are closely related to the study of stone architecture monuments of the Ingush and other peoples of the Caucasus.

In scientific expeditions in the North Caucasus, such scientists as P.S. Pallas, G.Y. Klaprot, I.L. Guldenstedt, F. Parrot, M. Engelgart took an active part, who later turned to the problem under study.

At the beginning of the XX century the Soviet stage of studying monuments of mountain Ingushetia began and this period was represented by the works of A.F. Goldstein, L.P. Semenov, I.P. Shcheblykin, E.I. Krupnov, V.P. Kobychev, A.I. Robakidze, M.M. Basorkin, etc.

In 1925-1932 , archaeological and ethnographic expeditions in the mountains of Ingushetia were conducted by scientist L.P. Semenov. In his reports he wrote: "In the Ingush monuments reflected the change of three religions, successively replacing one another: pagan (the oldest), Christian (which began to penetrate the XII century), Muslim (which penetrated in the XVII century).

A significant role in the study of monuments of archaeology of mountain Ingushetia was played by E. I. Krupnov under the leadership of whom the archaeological expeditions of the State Historical Museum (GIM) were carried out in Ingushetia. His first scientific works on ancient and medieval Ingushetia were published in GIM.

A general description of military and residential towers, castle structures, temples, crypts and sanctuaries is given by the artist-ethnographer I.P. Shcheblykin, who participated in expeditions to mountain Ingushetia together with L.P. Semenov.

At the present stage of study, in parallel with the studies of M. Muzhukhoev, D.Y. Chakhkiev, the works of scientists appeared - R. Munchayev, V.I. Markovin, V.B. Vinogradov, V.H. Tmenov, I.M. Miziev and many others.

Among these studies, it is worth noting the monograph by V.I. Markovin, which describes the traditional architecture of Ingushetia and other regions of the North Caucasus.

Cyclopean structures of mountain Ingushetia, dating of a number of settlements in the mountains, rooted in the III thousand BC, and much more have important scientific significance.

The study of the monuments of mountain Ingushetia gives us a certain idea of the economic and social differentiation of society. These monuments testify to ties with other peoples of the Caucasus.

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This year, together with the partners of the National Objects and Security Management System “Territory”, joint research was carried out on cave-type rock structures located on the southern slope of the Stolovaya Mountain.

As a result of the works, 9 rock structures were located, their measurements were taken, all structural features of the premises were noted, and they were photographed.

All of them will be put on the state record.

The Stolovaya Mountain, as we noted earlier, holds many mysteries.

Today, Mukhyamad-Basir Iliev, an employee of the Jeyrakh-Assin Museum-Reserve, held a preventive talk on careful attitude to the republic's historical and cultural monuments with pupils of the Guli village school.

The event was held in order to protect and preserve the historical and cultural heritage of the region, as well as moral and moral education of the younger generation.

A meeting was held in the museum-reserve to summarize the results of the outgoing year. The participants of the event recalled the most significant and memorable events of this period.

Some types of work due to seasonality are not available in winter, so in the fall-winter period, inspectors of the museum-reserve familiarize schoolchildren with the monuments of mountainous Ingushetia, conduct preventive talks about careful attitude to them, give an idea of their importance for history and culture.

During this year, inspection visits were made to the tower complexes of Tsori, Oaseg, Old Evli, Kashtym, Lyazhgi, Meller, Middle Ozdig, Upper Guli and Upper Pui, Musiyk'ongikoate, Furtoug, Garak, Erzi, New Evli, Gappi, Phyamet, Metskhal, Olgeti, Doshkhakle, Salgi, B1arakh, Gul, Shoane, Besht, Khyarp, Dukhyargisht, Ankoate, Khyani, etc. to monitor the technical condition of cultural heritage objects. Based on the visits made, visual changes in the structures were photographed and technical condition certificates were drawn up.

Within the framework of the work plan for the supervision of restoration, conservation and anti-accident works on the preservation of historical and architectural objects on the territory of the museum-reserve, inspection visits were made to the tower complexes of Nizhny Pui, Keli, Morch, Khyamishki, Eban, Doshkhakle, Tumgi where restoration works are underway.

Saturdays were held at a number of complexes to clean up adjacent territories, and at the Furtaugh tower complex sanitary measures were taken to demolish illegal outbuildings, in particular, a summer outbuilding located in the protection zone of the complex was dismantled.

One of the subbotniks was held on April 18, timed to coincide with the International Day of Monuments and Historic Sites, as a result of which a tributary of the Assa River was cleaned.

Very important and timely were the activities carried out to clean the perimeter of the core mausoleum of the Tovhanti tower estate from spontaneous growth, which posed a potential threat to the integrity of the historical site. Armed with saws and axes, the boys cut down bushes and unwanted vegetation, saving the monument from damage and increasing its attractiveness to visitors.

Together with specialists from ACM Group, work was carried out to fix and register cultural heritage objects at the Govzt, Khyarp, Morch, Niy, Khamkhi, Tori, Upper Barkhane, Lower Barkhane, Salgi, and Khairakh tower complexes.

As it is known, inventory of OKN is one of the necessary components of the comprehensive study of monuments, it is carried out in order to preserve and popularize objects of cultural heritage, as well as to ensure their integrity.

At the beginning of the year an agreement was reached on cooperation with the National System of Object Management and Security “Territory”, within the framework of which a unified information base of cultural heritage objects of the republic will be available - in order to get all the necessary information about the area and a landmark it will be enough to scan the personal code of the object.

Also, as part of the introduction of this system on the territory of the museum-reserve, for the first time joint research was conducted on unrecorded cave-type rock structures located on the southern slope of Table Mountain in the Jeyrakhsky district.

Thanks to these studies, the rock structures will be put on the state register and given a legal status. These works will be continued next year.

During this year, an inspection trip was also made to the Sunzhensky district, to the tower complexes located on the bank of the Fortanga River, as well as to the little-known and rarely visited tower complexes of Agutyr, Kasheti, Gvezi, and Oaseg.

Within the framework of the work plan for the identification and accounting of previously unrecorded architectural monuments, a previously unknown underground structure was discovered on the territory of the Tsori tower settlement, 2 river mills and 4 underground crypts were noted on the territory of the Furtoug complex. It was put on the account pillar-shaped sanctuary-ts1uv, located southeast of the tower complex Lower Pui, in Novy Evli was found not accounted underground crypt, unknown underground structures were found in Upper Pui, pillar-shaped sanctuary-sieling was noted in Besht, etc.

The most interesting finds were a “calendar” stone, on which two rows of horizontal notches were carved parallel to each other, discovered on the territory of the Erzi complex and a unique architectural structure attached to a mountain ridge, discovered on Mount Guirahye, 3 km away from the Guli tower complex.

Participated in the following events:

on the occasion of the completion of the restoration work of the Gouste Tower Complex, which restored the historic ensemble of three towers;

climbing the Table Mountain;

in the International Scientific and Practical Conference “Caucasus at the Junction of Europe and Asia: Problems of Preservation of Historical and Cultural Heritage and Restoration of Unique Objects in the North Caucasus Federal District”, which was held in Grozny, Chechen Republic on July 21-23, 2024;

in the shooting of a documentary film in the mountains of Ingushetia as part of the project of the Federal Agency for Nationalities “Audiovisual Ethno-Encyclopedia”, which presents a series of documentaries about ethnic cultures living in Russia;

visited the photo exhibition of the researcher-archivist B. Gazikov, where photo materials of ancient Ingush towers and rural settlements from the funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the State Russian Museum of St. Petersburg were presented;

in the traditional “Jeyrakh Marathon” race, which this year was held as part of the official events dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Republic of Ingushetia, etc.

Among the most significant events of the outgoing year, in our opinion, it is worth highlighting the participation in the interregional scientific-practical conference “National-State Formations in Russia: History and Modernity”, which was held within the framework of the Ingushetian Institute of Humanities named after Ch. Akhriev. This conference was timed to the 100th anniversary of the Republic of Ingushetia and became a bright event for all its participants.

A.A. Sampiev, acting director of the Jeirakh-Assin State Historical, Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve, made a scientific report on the activities, successes and problems of the Jeirakh-Assin State Historical, Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve.

A.A. Sampiev's speech caused a lively discussion among those present, all participants noted the great theoretical and practical significance of the presented report.

Our participation in this event was possible due to the bilateral agreement between the IngNII of Humanities named after Ch. Akhriev and the Museum-Reserve on cooperation between the parties. Also within the framework of this agreement, the staff of the institution made an expedition to the temple “Tkhaba-Yerdy” in order to conduct research. The subject of the research is iconography, decoration of the temple and its interpretation.

And the second memorable significant event, not only for the staff of our institution, but for all residents of the republic, is the victory of our project “Development of the Jeirakh-Assinsk Museum-Reserve” in the nomination of tourism project within the Days of Regional Development “Space of the Future” at the exhibition “Russia”, which was held in Moscow from May 21 to July 3, 2024.

The victory of our project became possible thanks to the support of the residents of the republic, who actively voted for it and its presentation at a high professional level by Acting Director A. Sampiev. We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to everyone who participated in the project!

Each completed work at any stage is new knowledge, important discoveries, personal growth and invaluable experience for our employees.

At the end of his speech, A. Sampiev congratulated everyone on the coming New Year, thanked for the work done and expressed his hope to meet next year in the same team, in good spirits and ready to work!

December 27, 2024 Acting Director of the Jeirakh-Assin Museum-Reserve Akhmed-Khan Sampiev took part in a meeting of the Border Commission under the Head of the Republic of Ingushetia in Magas.

The participants of the meeting discussed issues related to the possibility of placing information stands at the railway station of the Republic of Ingushetia, at the international airport “Magas” named after S. S. Oskanov and at the bus station of the city of Nazran on the rules of the border regime operating on the territory of the Jeyrakhsky district, the order of issuing passes and permits for economic activities.

It is noted that the joint work of the Border Department and the Government of the region to raise awareness of the population and guests of the Jeyrakhsky district about the current border regime has led to more than twofold reduction of detected violations.

“The increase in tourist traffic makes it necessary to improve the system of informing tourists. Arriving guests, especially on the threshold of the active tourist season, it is necessary to explain the rules of the border regime and the consequences of their non-compliance. This will minimize cases of unintentional offenses”, - said Prime Minister Vladimir Slastenin.

Инспектор музея-заповедника Харон Хамхоев провёл профилактическую беседу с учениками Алкунской СОШ о памятниках истории и культуры Ингушетии и бережном к ним отношении.

The Lyazhgi tower complex is located to the east of Meleri, occupying a small hollow on the right bank of the Armkhi River. Five powerful castle complexes, each with a combat tower, once stood here.

Only two combat towers have been preserved to their full height.

According to folk etymology, the name Lyazhgi was derived from the word “lyazhg”, which was the name of a leather sack used for storing grain. The village got such a name because its land gave good yields - a small piece of land yielded a whole “lazhg” of grain.

The tallest and the most slender of all the towers in the settlement is the tower of Hutievs with slate step-pyramidal covering, ending with a protruding white stone spire. Its peculiarity is the presence of a four-sided stone false vault not only on the 2nd and 6th floors, but also on the 3rd floor. This, a very rare phenomenon for local architecture, strengthened the construction of the tower and increased its defense capability.

The master installed the stone (tsIogal) at the very last moment. Without such a stone, the tower was considered unfinished. As for the other towers, they were 5-storied, with a flat roof and a parapet. Nowadays, it is not so common to see a tower with a surviving spire.

The second, no less graceful, is the combat tower of the Kharsievs, which was restored in 2006-2010 .

The residential towers have original door and window openings, economic and defensive niches, loopholes, central support pillars of inter-storey ceilings, horse stalls and other details. I.P. Shcheblykin emphasized some interesting details of local buildings.

A high stone barrier wall of the late Middle Ages adjoined the settlement from the southern side. It had a wide lockable gate. Day and night local guards were on duty near them, controlling a section of the most important trade, transportation and military highway that ran here. Nowadays, only some parts of the wall have been preserved.

Also according to legends, in the vicinity of the village, the local population actively mined copper ore, from which they made various products. The goods were then sold even to the mountainous regions of Georgia and North Ossetia.

The Falkhan tower complex is located in the Jeyrakh gorge, on the spur of Table Mountain. The village of Falkhan has been abandoned by people for a long time. Today one can observe three combat, one semi-combat and twelve residential structures damaged there. Up to now 12 family crypts have been preserved, and there was also an early Muslim mosque on the territory of the complex. Unfortunately, the religious building has not been completely preserved - only its remains, including the minaret. The mosque was built after the Ingush people accepted Islam - it was at the end of the XIX century. There was also a madrassa here.

Aul Falkhan is a kilometer away from the neighboring settlement of Lyazhgi. A tall signal tower was built between the settlements - it was used as an observation point and to warn of impending danger. This was practiced between almost all neighboring sharks, so they built tower complexes no further than a kilometer from each other.

The towers of Falhan, if we believe the legend, are based on the lineage of Ferhast, who had three sons. This event took place approximately in the XII century. The G1am-Na'kyan tribe used to reign here, and it was quite warlike, so it was not easy to build a tower complex on a rock.

All combat towers were 5-storied and square, and residential towers were rectangular and a little lower: they were built 2 or 4-level. In the outlines of some buildings one can well guess traces of the former greatness of the aul Falhan. The tower complex looks especially amazing from the height: ancient buildings of ivory color are scattered on the smooth, as if velvet spur of the sacred mountain.

The combat tower of the Dzarakhov teip is very well preserved. It is believed that Dzarakh, the grandson of Ferkhast, became the ancestor of this teip. Legends speak of him as a very brave knight, tearing a whole ram out of a pit at a gallop, which was not everyone's strength. The people even elected the daredevil as the head of the army to protect the fortress from enemy invasions. Probably, that is why the family became known as the Dzarakhovs, i.e. the guards of the gorge.

The ancestral tower of the village Falkhan rises above the cliff, in an extremely inaccessible location - apparently, this was the intention of the ancient builders. Its construction is very interesting: it was possible to enter the Falkhan tower only through the dwelling building, to which it was connected by a gallery.

It is said that to defeat the Gamnakans, they had to use military cunning and guile: they were lured to the territory of the Falhan tower complex, drugged with stupefying herbs and killed in their sleep. In any case, Ferkhast and his people managed to settle in the local mountains.

The population of Falkhan village was engaged in pottery, made products from wood and animal bones, bows. There were even mining deposits on the territory of the tower complex, from where the locals drew saltpeter, ore, lead and ochre. In the fields they cultivated corn, wheat, grew potatoes and flax, which was considered medicinal. In short, it was a fairly prosperous aul.

Archaeological excavations were often carried out on the territory of the Ingush Falkhan tower complex, during which scientists found coins, shards of ancient dishes and so on. The researchers concluded that the most active period of fortress and bastion construction was during the period of the Mongol-Tatar invasions.

Magomed Yevkurov, an employee of the museum-reserve, held a preventive talk on the formation of a careful attitude to historical and cultural monuments with pupils of the State Budgetary Educational Institution “Olgetti village school”.

The event was held in order to protect and preserve the historical and cultural heritage of the region and moral education of the younger generation.

The original ground crypt of the Tsizdy tower settlement.

It is located in the southern part of the complex. It has a flat roof with a crenellated end, with large cone-shaped stones placed on the crenellations decorated with diamond-shaped ornamentation.

It is the only well-preserved crypt of this form in mountainous Ingushetia.

Tsizdy is a tower complex 2 km south of Niikoate. It consists of nine residential towers attached to each other in a circular line. The facade walls of some towers were smoothly rounded, which strengthened the defensive functions of the castle.

Earlier, a smithy attached to the dwelling tower was discovered on the territory of the complex. There is an anchor-shaped petroglyph on the entrance arched stone of the dwelling tower.

The medieval tower complex Shoan is located in the picturesque Shoan Gorge near the Armkhi River. The etymology of the name is obscure (according to one data, the ancestor of the Shankhoi-Shoa migrated from Barkin and founded Shoani, according to others Shoankhoi got its name from the habitat in the highlands from “shuo” - abyss, precipice).

At a glance, this complex resembles a swallow's nest clinging to a steep cliff. There was once one combat tower and 11 residential towers. As in all tower complexes of mountainous Ingushetia, there is a vaulted doorway on the second floor of the combat tower, and on the first floor there are sacks for storing agricultural supplies. According to the stories of old residents, Shoan was home to master gunsmiths, girls were famous for their weaving skills and ability to embroider with gold, silver and beads.

On the left bank of the river dividing Shoan into two parts, at the entrance to the Shoan gorge, on a high slope there is a watchtower, it is almost destroyed today. Nearby is the cemetery of those distant times. The gravestones (churtash) are overgrown with green moss. Elmarza-Khyazha, recognized as a saint in Ingushetia, is said to have been buried here.

Historians and archaeologists have noted and described the Shoan single semi-subterranean crypt, crypt burial grounds, stone box burial ground. There is a Shoan sanctuary of Tusholi, memorial chambers. On the eastern side of Shoan there are two pillar-shaped sanctuaries.

Particularly notable is the so-called Shuan “City of the Dead” (“Mohde”), located 1.0 km west of the complex, in the Mohde locality.

The scale of the “Shuansky City of the Dead” (Mohde) is impressive - it is the largest necropolis in the region and in the region, consisting of more than 250 underground and semi-underground collective crypt vaults of the late Middle Ages.

This unique crypt necropolis has been permanently studied since the end of the XIX century by V. F. Miller, V. I. Dolbezhev, L. P. Semenov, Yo. I. Krupnov, M.X. Kataev, M.V. Muzhukhoev, D.Y. Chakhkiev, E.I. Narozhny, R.A. Dautova, X.M. Mamaev and other researchers, whose scientific works give general and detailed characterization of many local tombs, burial rites, found here very numerous and diverse finds.

The results of the latest scientific research allow us to attribute this burial ground as a whole to the second half of the XIII-XV centuries.

At present, Shoan is deserted, except for S. Getagazov, who settled there. Getagazov, who settled here in 1992.

Sanctuaries, as the most expressive monuments of pagan cult, have long attracted the attention of researchers of the region. However and now not all sanctuaries of the country are fixed by archeologists. Besides newly discovered monuments were not always studied and described with necessary for the subsequent work on them completeness and thoroughness.

In this material, we would like to show the temples and sanctuaries of mountainous Ingushetia, note their location from west to east and tell about the degree of their preservation.

In 800 meters southwest of Upper Jeyrakh, on a wooded mountain slope one can see the ruins of the sanctuary Sampai-Chug, which was dedicated to the patron saint of the home hearth.

The sanctuary of Myat-seli is located on the site of Table Mountain, at the very edge of the southern cliffs, at an altitude of 2560 meters above sea level. A feature of the sanctuary are two doors located in the west and east walls. The site has been preserved to its full height.

Myat-seli had the significance of one of the most important Ingush patrons. According to Ingush belief, Tamyzh-Yerda, Amgaly-Yerda and Myatseli were siblings, of whom Myatseli was the eldest.

The ruins of the temple of Myater-Dyala are located 200 meters above the temple of Myat-Seli, on the northern slope of the mountain. In ancient times, prayers were also held at this shrine, which is more compact than Myat-Seli.

At 450 meters above the towers of Morch stands the temple-sanctuary Morch-Seli XVI-XVII century, with a half-destroyed roof, it is the only more or less preserved temple at the foot of Table Mountain.

In the area of the village of Kerbite, on the crest of the mountain ridge, stands a small late medieval sanctuary building with a square base and a flattened gable-stepped roof.

This monument was first noted by L.P. Semenov and I.P. Shcheblykin. Its stationary research, which revealed inside the building only bones of sacrificial domestic animals, was carried out by M.B. Muzhukhoev in 1976. Apparently, this sanctuary belongs to the 17th century, as evidenced by local fragmentary historical and folklore stories.

The Itaz-Yerdy sanctuary temple is located 2 km south of Olgeti village, on the high right bank of the stream of Olgeti gorge. The temple has large dimensions, almost 10 meters long, 5 meters wide and 5 meters high. The inner room is divided by a lancet arch, which goes from the very floor.

Within the boundaries of the Egenta complex, 50 meters south of the residential towers stands the late medieval, dilapidated temple-sanctuary of Gal Erda. To the left of the entrance to the temple there is a plaster drawing of a horseman with a spear.

Half a kilometer from the tower village of Magote, on the edge of a huge cliff stands the ancient temple of Mago-Yerdy, named in honor of the legendary magician, sage Mago, who became the progenitor of five Caucasian clans and built, according to legend, by him.

A small sanctuary was built near Mago-Yerdy in honor of Seska-Solsa-Yerdy, the leader of the Narts. According to legend, a radiance emanated from Seska-Solsa's sanctuary. At night it was so bright that one could sew near it. Now the shrine has collapsed into the abyss.

At the northern edge of the village of Tumgi stands one of the largest cult buildings of mountainous Ingushetia - the temple of Tumgoi-Yerdy. According to radioisotope dating, it was built in 1558-1637 . Inside the building has three stone arches.

The Tusholi temple-sanctuary of Meller is located 300 meters west of the Meller combat tower, the structure was destroyed long ago, and today there are only remnants of the structure.

Keli sanctuary is located to the north of Keli village and northwest of Kog village, on the southern slope of the mountain Tsei-Lam. The building is half-destroyed, rectangular in plan, oriented along the line S-S and previously had a gable-stepped roof.

In the limits of the village of Kog towers heavily damaged late medieval sanctuary-building Tusholi (Kog-Yerda), which has a rectangular base and gable-stepped roof.

According to radiocarbon analysis, the sanctuary was built in 1441-1486 .

On a difficultly accessible top of mountain Kuleyloam (2915 m) of the Tsei-Loam ridge there is a heavily damaged medieval sanctuary Dyala.

Above the Gadaborsh complex, on the top of a gentle wooded ridge is a half-destroyed large temple-sanctuary of the XVII century Dzorakh-Dyala.

0.2 km north of the village of Kart, on the crest of a high hill, stands a heavily damaged large temple-sanctuary Dyalit late medieval period.

The sanctuary is quadrangular at the base, with a gable-stepped roof. In the past the temple-sanctuary enjoyed great honor among the Ingush, who even at the end of the XIX century gathered to it to solve common issues.

On the north-western outskirts of the settlement Barkhane, rises a graceful medium-sized late medieval sanctuary-building, which has a rectangular base and preserved gable-stepped roof. It is oriented in a south-east to north-west direction. Inside the building is divided into two parts by an arch.

Opposite Targim settlement, on the opposite slope of the Assy bank one can see the ruins of the sanctuary-mausoleum of Ausha-Sel. Once the mausoleum reached a height of three meters. According to legend, a certain Aush was killed by lightning of the thunderer Sel, and the mausoleum was erected to commemorate it.

The Targim (first) temple is a building measuring seven meters long, almost five meters wide, with one apse and a girt arch. The roof of the temple is not preserved. A distinctive feature of the temple is the presence of an underground crypt tomb, the access to which was arranged under the western wall of the temple. On one of the walls of the temple there are inscriptions in the ancient Georgian language, according to which it can be attributed to the XI century.

The second Christian temple in Targim was discovered recently. A part of the northern wall has been preserved from it. Near the temple there is a semi-underground tomb.

One and a half kilometers from Gappi at the top of a wooded mountain is located Gappin temple-sanctuary Gurmte, presumably dated XVI-XVII centuries. Up to the beginning of the XX century, the inhabitants of the whole area prayed and sacrificed here. Nowadays the temple is very rarely visited.

The Erzi tower complex is one of the largest tower complexes in mountainous Ingushetia, located at the tip of the mountain ridge, 900 meters west of Kerbite.

It includes combat, semi-combat and dwelling towers, various annexes to them, as well as crypt burial grounds, a nucleus-shaped mausoleum, a temple-sanctuary, etc.

The number of storeys of towers starts from 4 and ends with 6 levels.

Erzi means eagle in Ingush.

Near the towers of the aul there is a nucleus-shaped mausoleum Yand-Kash (Yand's grave), which was built over the grave of a famous local architect named Yand, the ancestor of the Yandiyev family. There are many tales and legends about Yand.

For example, an old Ingush song - illi “About how the tower was built” sings about the work of stonemasons, one of whom is a famous architect named Yand. We will write more about it in a later piece.

Briefly, Yand-Kash was described in the works of Soviet archaeologists-ethnographers L. P. Semenov, I. P. Shcheblykin, E. I. Krupnov, who in the early twentieth century conducted archaeological research on the territory of Ingushetia, thus laying the foundation for a comprehensive study of the past of our region.

A relic of a bronze eagle was found in the mausoleum, which gave the village its name.

This relic became one of the national symbols for Ingushetia. A copy of this eagle is in the T. Malsagov Local History Museum, while the original is kept in St. Petersburg, in the State Hermitage Museum.

Yesterday, employees of the Museum-Reserve took part in an event held in the walls of the Tugan Malsagov Ingush State Museum of Local Lore. Tugan Malsagov on the return of the third part of the artifacts discovered in 2018 during the reconstruction of the federal highway “Kavkaz” in the Gamurzievsky administrative district.

The archaeological excavations were stored at the Institute of Caucasus Archaeology for almost six years, and during this time a tremendous amount of work was done to study, describe and map them.

The event was attended by the deputy of the People's Assembly Tsoroev A.Kh., representatives of the Institute of Archaeology of the Caucasus, the head of the Committee of State Protection of the objects of cultural heritage Kodzoev T.U., Professor E.D. Muzhekhoeva, associate professor of the History Department of Ingush State University, employees of the Jeirakh-Assinsk Museum-Reserve, employees of the E.I. Krupnov Archaeological Center, employees of the Ch. Akhriev Research Institute of Humanities, local historians, students, as well as people who are not indifferent to the history of the Ingush people.

All speakers agreed that the found exhibits are of great scientific interest for the history and culture of the republic.

In 2018, the expansion of the federal highway “Kavkaz” was underway in the Gamurzievo area. Soon the usual construction work entailed a real archaeological expedition. During this time, whole towns (or rather what was left of them - ancient settlements), Scythian barrows with ancient household items: clay vessels, bronze jewelry and even mysterious remains of people with deformed skulls were discovered underground. Gamurzievskoye ancient settlement is a historical settlement in Nazranovsky district of Ingushetia. The ruins of the ancient settlement occupy a vast territory - about 10 thousand square meters.

In total, during the excavations were found more than 4000 items of deep antiquity, belonging, according to experts, to the Koban culture and the Alanian era.

Yesterday representatives delivered more than 1500 artifacts, by the way, this is the third batch of exhibits, and 2 batches were brought earlier, last year.

The transfer of the artifacts to the Ingush people took place thanks to the joint work of the head of the Committee for State Protection of Cultural Heritage Objects Kodzoev T.U., acting director of the Jeirakh-Assinsk Museum-Reserve Sampiev A.A., head of the local history museum Sagov M.Z. and director of the Institute of Caucasian Archaeology Biyaslan Atabiev, who at the end of 2023 came to a mutual agreement to return the finds to their historical homeland.

All artifacts in the form of fragments of ceramics, women's jewelry, weapons, household items, etc., reflecting the history and culture of the Ingush people are presented at the exhibition in the Museum of Local Lore.

The inspector of the museum-reserve M. Akhilgov held a preventive talk on the formation of a careful attitude to monuments of history and culture with the students of the Beyninsky branch of the State budgetary general educational institution “Secondary Educational School-Kindergarten of the village of Jeyrakh named after I.S.Lyanov”.

Representatives of the Jeirakh-Assinsk Museum-Reserve visited the opening of a monument to Idris Beisultanovich Zyazikov, an outstanding political and state figure, an active participant in the creation of the Ingush Autonomous Oblast and its first leader.

The monument was erected in Magas, on the square in front of the Administration of the Head of the Republic.